Rosa Louise Parks was an African American civil rights activist. In 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white man. Her action led to the Montgomery bus strike, which was the first large-scale, organized protest against segregation that used nonviolent tactics. Rosa Parks’s personal act of defiance opened a decisive chapter in the civil rights movement in the United States. Rosa Louise McCauley was born in Tuskegee, Alabama. Her mother, Leona Edward McCauley, on her grandparents’ farm at Pine Level, a small community outside Montgomery, raised her. Rosa received her primary education in a segregated rural school. In 1924 she enrolled at the private Montgomery Industrial School for Girls, known as "Miss White's school" after its principal and cofounder, Alice L. White. All the students were African Americans, and all the teachers were white women from the North. (Ala, 2004)
As a teenager she attended Booker T. Washington Junior High School in Montgomery, and participated in a high school program at State Teachers College (now Alabama State University). She dropped out at the age of 16 to care for her grandmother, who died soon after, and then for her ailing mother. In December 1932 she married Raymond Parks, a 29-year-old barber. Rosa Parks received her high school diploma the following year and helped support the family by sewing and doing other jobs. Parks’s husband had long been active in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), an organization founded to improve the conditions for blacks in the United States. Parks became increasingly committed to racial justice as she and her husband joined the campaign to save the "Scottsboro boys" nine young black men who were accused of raping two white teenagers near Scottsboro, Alabama, in 1931...............
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