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Essay on Non Commissioned Officers in the US Army 1945 to Present
The Army's expansion from 190,000 to 8.2 million soldiers during World War II wrought major changes in the Army's culture. Officers found themselves promoted to command and staff positions in which they confronted responsibilities and challenges far beyond their experience levels. Many were anxious about their own ability to cope, and their anxieties were exacerbated by having to rely on subordinates who were relative amateurs. Some officers adopted authoritarian behavior patterns. They were uncritically submissive to superiors, insistent on unquestioning obedience, solicitous of their own prerogatives rather than the welfare of their troops, punitive toward their subordinates and often sought to alleviate their own anxieties by instilling fear in their subordinates. Even seasoned officers sometimes issued orders with comments such as, "If you do not accomplish the mission, you better not come back alive."8 This type of behavior was not new, but it became more pervasive. It did not strengthen either military efficiency or resistance to combat stress. The postwar Army retained five times as many officers as it had before the war.9 between 1945 and 1950; the Army's unit-level culture was defined by officers whose first extended commissioned service took place during World War II. Many of them could never have aspired to commissioned rank before the war, and they were insecure in their positions now. Much evidence suggests that a substantial proportion of officers who had depended on authoritarianism during the war stayed in the Army. (Stephen E. Ambrose, Pub. Date: September 1998)
By the time the Korean War began, some authoritarian patterns had become institutionalized. Although the regulations had not changed, the advice to officers in semiofficial publications emphasized guidance such as: "Military orders must be obeyed"; and "The leader must obtain compliance." The Army established a career management system to ensure that officers had equal opportunities and acquired a common body of experience.............
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