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Essay on Canadian natural hazard assessment
Source: Field Trip 2: Fraser Valley Field Trip, 2005 International Conference On Land Slide Risk Management,
Definition:
LANDSLIDE:
The downhill movement of a mass of soil or rock, usually wet or saturated, that results in episodic erosion. (Sometimes simply referred to as "slide," but also including falling or flowing masses as well.)(Definition of Landslides on Web)
Some landslides move slowly and cause damage gradually, whereas others move so rapidly that they can destroy property and take lives suddenly and unexpectedly. Gravity is the force driving landslide movement. Factors that allow the force of gravity to overcome the resistance of earth material to landslide movement include: saturation by water, steeping of slopes by erosion or construction, alternates freezing or thawing, earthquake shaking, and volcanic eruptions.
Landslides are typically associated with periods of heavy rainfall or rapid snow melt and tend to worsen the effects of flooding that often accompanies these events. In areas burned by forest and brush fires, a lower threshold of precipitation may initiate landslides. (FEMA)
The Cheam rock avalanche is located at the southern edge of the
Fraser Valley adjacent to the steep slopes of the Cascade Mountains, approximately 125 km east of Vancouver (Fig. 1).
Elevations range from 20 m ASL on the Fraser River floodplain
Bordering the landslide to 2,107 m ASL at Mountain Cheam. The Fraser
River has eroded the distal edge of the deposit. Debris flows and snow avalanches are common along steep streams flowing into the river from adjacent mountain slopes (Naumann 1990).
A north- to northwest-trending belt has gneissic and granite rocks cores the northern Cascade Mountains. Sedimentary and volcanic rocks that have been metamorphosed to greens chit’s fancies grade (Monger flank the gneiss and granite core 1966). Bedrock in the vicinity of the Cheam rock avalanche has been assigned by Monger (1966) to the Chilliwack Group and Cultus Formation.
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