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Essay on Hackers
Brief Introduction on Cyberspace
Knowledge about cyberspace is shaped and delimited by the questions we ask and the kinds of inquiries in which we engage and are already engaged. Questioning, however, is never objective or neutral. A question, no matter how carefully articulated, necessarily harbors preconceptions and pre-understandings that direct and regulate the inquiry. When we ask, for example, whether cyberspace portends a new world of opportunity that is uninhibited by the limitations of embodiment and physical existence, a technodystopia of alienation and surveillance where digital artifacts supersede lived reality, or something in between these two extremes, our query already affiliates with the terms and conditions of a well-established debate and employs a complex set of assumptions concerning the essence, function, and significance of technology.
This network of preconditions and assumptions usually does not appear as such within the space of a specific inquiry but constitutes the epistemological context in which any significant investigation is and must be situated. To continue to operate on the basis of these established systems is certainly understandable, completely rational, and potentially useful. Doing so, however, necessitates adherence to exigencies and prejudices that often remain unexamined, unquestioned, and essentially unknown (Boyer, 08/1996).
Hacking Cyberspace proposes a method of investigation that infiltrates, reevaluates, and reprograms the systems that have shaped and delimited cyberspace. Despite this apparently simple description, these two words and their juxtaposition necessarily resonate with noisy complexities that complicate this preliminary formulation. First, neither hacking nor cyberspace designates activities, entities, or concepts that are univocal, easily defined, or immediately understood. In fact, both terms are riddled with apparently contradictory denotations that challenge, if not defy, conventional logic. Hacking, for example, designates an activity that is simultaneously applauded for its creativity and reviled for its criminal transgressions, while cyberspace constitutes a neologism that is pulled in every conceivable direction by every conceivable interest....
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