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Essay on Algorithms with Java
A number of theories on concurrency have emerged, such as CSP [1], CCS [2] and Process Algebra [3][4]. These have shown to allow clear and concise descriptions of dynamic systems, using concepts as sequence, non-deterministic choice and ism. Only a few programming languages have been developed with these theories in mind, such as Occam. Algorithm is another example; it offers concepts from Process Algebra on top of the object-oriented language Java. This has the following advantages:
- Algorithm inherits Java's powerful object-oriented constructs
- Existing Java programmers need not learn an entirely new language
- Existing Java software can easily be accessed
- Implementations benefit from existing Java compilers and virtual machines
The main application areas are user interfaces, simulations and computing on shared memory systems.
Algorithm's design has evolved from 1988 on with versions based on Pascal, Modula-2, C and C++. Feedback from practical experience helped fine tuning. During the last few years the number of new and withdrawn language constructs have been about the same.
Example: the Game of Life
Take Conway's game of Life as an example (assuming that this needs no reference): the board of cells showing patterns that evolve according to a certain algorithm. The user can edit the board contents, and have patterns evolve in time.
For the time being we stick to a keyboard based user interface:
- key 'c' clears
- key 'r' randomizes
- key 'x' exits
- key ' 'performs one evolution
- the Enter key starts or stops evolutions
- mouse clicking and dragging toggles cells
Although this is a rudimentary user interface, it is not trivial to implement as a Java program. We found an Life applet on the World Wide Web with this keyboard interface. The author commented on a few problems: a previous version would hang if the space bar was pressed while the program was already in the evolutions mode. Apparently building user interfaces is error-prone, when even this simple user interface leads to problems....
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