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Essay on Malicious Code: Virus, Worms, Trojan horse
Summary
Such definitions are a little vague about the meaning of "infect." In this context, it means that the program inserts itself into the chain of command so that attempting to execute a legitimate program results in the execution of the virus as well or instead.
A virus doesn't have to have any sort of payload, malicious or otherwise nor does it have to operate covertly, though most of them do. It only has to replicate.
Computer virus, worms, Trojan Horses and other malicious programs and network administrator needs to take preventative measures. The number of known viruses and worms now exceeds 50,000. Interactive desktop applications, security loopholes and virus-programming advances have combined to facilitate the spread of worm-infected E-mails. Many broadcast thousands of infected messages within hours, crippling servers. HTML code in the body of a message is a common way of delivering a virus payload. Other viruses come in VBScript file attachments or exploit Internet Relay Chat (IRC). Some try to send out confidential information by forwarding documents to outside destinations. Viruses like CIH and Kriz corrupt a computer's CMOS settings and BIOS, leaving it inoperable. 'Social engineering' techniques trick users into voluntarily running a malicious program. The ExplorerZip worm and similar programs propagate via Windows network shares. Java applets and ActiveX controls, widely used to create slick Web interfaces, download mobile code to the desktop and can be exploited by hackers. Anti-virus software is a good investment, but is often poorly configured. Using multiple scanners is a good idea, and default security settings on applications should be changed.
Threat profile
There are various types of viruses and other malicious programs: boot sector infectors, viruses which infect program files, macro viruses, worms, Trojan Horses and memetic (or meme) viruses (a term coined by the biologist Richard Dawkins, which refers to virus hoaxes and chain letters, for example). We'll look briefly at these different types of programs and then at the solutions that users can adopt. (Terence E. Gray Nick Lot, June 1999.)....
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