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Essay on The Battle of the Boyne (1690)
Charles I (1600 – 1649) the king of England had offended his Protestant subjects by marrying the Catholic Henrietta Maria, sister of Louis XIII of France. His reign saw bitter struggles with the Parliament which had the power to grant money to the king and Charles I dissolved the Parliament to rule as the supreme monarch for eleven years. His disputes with the parliament, however, led to the English civil war with the Parliament demanding religious and administrative reforms. Charles I was beheaded on January 30, 1649 and became the martyred king to the royalists and a double dealing tyrant to his opponents (About.com).
His surviving son Charles II spent his early life in exile and was crowned King in Scotland but was defeated by Oliver Cromwell at the battle of Worcester in 1651. His restoration to the crown was, however, engineered by General George Monck in 1660 and his reign saw continued battles with the English Parliament. Charles II died a Catholic in 1685 (Roger).Charles II was succeeded by his brother James II who was also a Catholic and James II also became unpopular in the Parliament, making many enemies who started to look for a suitable successor to the king. The Parliament which was displeased with the king decided to replace James II with William III who was also known as William of Orange and who was the stadtholder of the United Provinces of Netherlands.
William III was the son of William II, Prince of Orange who was also the stadtholder of the United Provinces of Netherlands and who was related to Charles I of England as a result of marriage to his eldest daughter Mary who was ardently Protestant. Hence, William III of England was the son of Mary, the eldest daughter of Charles I, the king of England and was also a Protestant king......
