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Essay on Cognitive and Information Perspectives on Aging
Aging is a fundamental biological process with far-reaching cognitive consequences. Deeply rooted in the genetic makeup and metabolic workings of the organism, but sensitive to fluctuations of biological and social environment, aging brings with it complex changes in the workings of the mind. Although multiple age-related changes in brain and cognition have been described in detail, their mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this report we have discussed Cognitive and Information perspectives on aging. Moreover, types of cognition crystallized and fluid intelligence along with age related changes in cognition; age-related test batteries such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; age-related cognitive declines or increases are also discussed.
Cognition is a mental processes used for perceiving, remembering, and thinking. Most studies show that, in general, cognitive abilities are the greatest when people are in their 30s and 40s. Cognitive abilities stay about the same until the late 50s or early 60s, at which point they begin to decline, but to only a small degree. The effects of cognitive changes are not usually noticed until the 70s and beyond. These statements are based on data from studies where averages were calculated for each age group. Within each age group, however, there are wide variations in cognitive ability. The information presented here represents general findings about age-related cognitive change. They do not necessarily happen to everyone.
One study of intelligence over a lifetime found that by the age of 81, only 30-40% of study participants had a significant decline in mental ability. Two-thirds of people at this age had only a small amount of decline. And only certain cognitive abilities decline, while others may improve.
- Fluid and crystallized intelligence
- Attention
- Processing speed
- Memory
Different aspects of cognition are affected in various ways over time. One measure of cognitive ability is intelligence....
