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Essay on Hopelessness
Hopelessness has also been found to be associated with behavior problems in children and adolescents. Children with high hopelessness scores reported more withdrawn behavior, higher negative mood, and lower levels of adaptability to their environment than children with low hopelessness scores. However, specific behavior problems associated with hopelessness have not been examined in children and adolescents. Furthermore, the relationship between hopelessness and anger expression in children and adolescents has not been examined. In the suicide literature, however, anger has been associated with suicidal behavior in youngsters.
One study found that adolescent suicide attempters experienced significantly higher levels of both internalized and externalized anger. Therefore, adolescents who have attempted suicide tend to use verbal or physical aggressive behavior, as well as internally directed anger, to deal with their negative mood state. Given the relationship between suicidality and hopelessness, anger may be an important variable to examine in children and adolescents with high levels of hopelessness.
The identification and organization of nursing diagnoses, or concerns that are the focus of nursing practice, have been central to the efforts of the ICNP development team since its beginning in 1991. The focus of this article is on the Nursing Phenomena, the classification parallel to nursing diagnoses. In this article, the authors will trace the development of the ICNP Classification of Nursing Phenomena and relate it to the work of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) and other nursing diagnosis classifications.
The historical practice arrangements for this mental health nursing specialty have resulted in the intrusion of the philosophy and values of correction and criminal justice on practice goals and their outcomes. This has resulted in compromise and resistance by PMH nurses to accommodate the operational measures, routines, and priorities of the administration. The ideological intrusion of a disciplinary philosophy that is often at best incongruous, if not antithetical to the core values of nursing.......
