The potential benefits of satellite communications development have been recognized since the notion of a geostationary "space platform" was proposed by Arthur C. Clarke in 1945. Although there have been examples of developmental applications of satellite technology, the promise has been slow in being fulfilled. The history of the application of this technology for developmental purposes falls into three phases: from Clarke's 1945 proposal until about 1970 may be considered the "conjectural" era; from approximately 1971 until 1977 may be considered the "experimental" era; and the present may be called the "operational" era, as satellite services for developmental purposes are beginning to be offered on commercial satellites.
Since the first commercial model was launched into orbit in 1965, the communications satellite has become a linchpin of global communications. From modest beginnings--that first satellite could handle only 240 voice circuits at a time--the technology has blossomed to the extent that satellites now carry about one third of the voice traffic between countries and essentially all the television signals between countries.
Advantages of Satellite Communication.
The new personal communications satellite systems are striving to incorporate the advantages of both satellite and cellular systems into a single global network.
The full impact of satellite communication has been realized all over the world as it has become feasible to space cast directly into homes, facilitating inexpensive long-distance calls and enabling conferences held via telephone and closed-circuit television.
One advantage of personal communications satellite systems will be a largely unobstructed path between the satellite and essentially all subscribers, allowing operation at lower power levels.
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