In the times of the First World War many of the world leaders like the Woodrow Wilson and Jan Smuts, started to propagate the idea of an international organization in order to safeguard world peace and to settle world conflict and disputes by way of arbitration. In 1916, Robert Cecil, wrote his famous memorandum arguing that the only way civilizations can survive is by developing an international system which would help the world to preserve peace. In the 1918 peace negotiations Woodrow Wilson assert and succeeded in establishing his Fourteen Points as the basis for signing of the Armistice. Thus this was the point whereby the League of Nations came into formulated and came into being. (CLARE, 2002)
In 1919, the constitution of the League of Nations was reviewed and accepted by the Paris Peace Conference. The headquarters was situated in Geneva and Sir Eric was assigned as the first secretary-general. The Constitution of the League of Nations stated that all nations should put in a combine effort to ensure security and to have peaceful settlements concerning their disputes through arbitration. Moreover, the League also upheld that any country that violates the constitution of the League and resorts to war would be levied with strict economic sanctions by all member countries. The league influenced actions of countries by collective security, Community of power and moral persuasion.
Many experts agree that such measures were not an effective weapon to deter the influential and powerful countries from disobeying the league. These four tools to mange the countries proved to be completely disastrous. The league was basically, allowed to have military forces that were planed to be used against countries who violated the league constitutions, however, the League did not maintain its army at all. Hence if a country who refused to follow the league had nothing to lose. (CLARE, 2002)
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