Circle II is the circle of carnal lust. The sinners are tossed and whirled by the winds, as in life they felt themselves-helpless in the tempests of passion. This canto also begins descriptions of the circles devoted to the sins of incontinence: the sins of the appetite, the sins of self-indulgence, and the sins of passion.
In Inferno, Virgil and Dante enter the circle of "Malebolge." The first sinners in the first ditch of Malebolge are the Panderers (those who used others to serve their own purposes). Due to the nature of retribution, Panderers will spend eternity prodded by malicious demons. The souls walking in the other direction are Seducers who are similar to the Panderers, because they also used others for their own needs.
Venedico Caccianemico of Bologna admits to Dante that he brought Ghisolabella, his own sister, around to suit the sexual desires of the Marquis Obbizo da Este of Ferrara. One of the demons prodding the damned soul calls Venedico a pimp.
The figure of Jason is startling in this canto, because he is quite deep in the bowels of Hell, and he is a famous mythological figure. Dante, as the poet of courtly love, clearly dislikes Jason's behavior toward women-seduce them, get them with child, and desert them.
The souls in the next ditch are the Flatterers, and again, in the theme of retribution, they wallow in filth and sewage, much like they did in life, with their false flattery. To illustrate the grossness of false flattery, Dante picks two sinners. The first, Alessio Interminelli da Lucca, was from a noble family, though not much is known about him. The second, Thaïs, is said to have received the gift of a slave from her lover, and when asked if she thanked him much, she replied with so much flattery that her gratitude was beyond believing. (Bergin, 1967)
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