Toc (Theory of Constraints) is a thinking and set of techniques used to manage an organization. Most widely implemented in mechanized operations, it stipulates that organization identify and direct its focus on the few critical drivers that matter to bottom-line performance. TOC is an advance to managing complex systems, i.e., organizations comprised of people working in equally supporting, interacting processes. The objective of TOC is to grow a system's capability to attain more of its ambition, now and in the potential. It consists of a "theory" of dealing with systems by identifying and managing constraints, which are often based not in the technological limitations of a process (that the tools of Six Sigma are so good in dealing with), but in the paradigms, practices, and policies of the people who are occupied with them. Hence, a key part of the TOC "body of knowledge" are the in the logical thinking and statement tools known as the TOC Thinking Processes.
These Thinking Processes, when used by people with perception about the system in question, go a long way to providing what Deming refers to as "profound knowledge," and providing a way for managers to be able to better forecast the outcomes of their actions. TOC works mainly at the level of the chain, energetic focus to the weakest link and then to the linkages between that constriction and other aspects of the system. Its advance to the root cause study, centered in the Thinking Process known as the Current Reality Tree, starts with a range of diverse harms with which the system suffers and then builds rigorous cause-and-effect logic to identify one or very few deep causes at the root of them all.
TOC first strives to build "logistical" processes that are vigorous enough to deal with current variation, and through concepts like the Five Focusing Steps and "buffer management," classify where attacks on variant will give us the biggest bang for the cash and extends its use of the limitation to define maximum value for a market segment or patron in terms of the constraint or core problem of their system.
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