MIKOLAJ KOPERNIK, best known by his Latinized name of Nicolaus Copernicus, was the most original and not the least versatile genius of Poland. He was a churchman, a painter and a poet, a physician, an economist, a statesman, a soldier, and a scientist; a churchman by the wish of his guardian uncle and by vocation, an artist for relaxation, a physician by training and predilection, an economist by accident, a statesman and a soldier by necessity, and a scientist -- by the Grace of God and by sheer love of the truth for truth's sake. "Yet he found time," says the English historian of astronomy, A. M. Clerke, "to elaborate an entirely new system of astronomy, by the adoption of which man's outlook on the universe was fundamentally changed."
And today,--when for the first time in 575 years the Alma Mater of Copernicus has been closed by the invader, when the intellectual leadership of the nation is being extirpated and all visible monuments of Polish civilization destroyed,-today Copernicus stands like a shining star of hope to the nation that nurtured him, and the recollection of his abiding contribution gives his compatriots courage to endure.
Stripped of all scientific verbiage and reduced to the simplest elements, Copernicus's contribution in the field of astronomy may be stated in the words: "He stopped the sun and set the earth in motion" (Newcomb, 1896).
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