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Essay on Logical Positivists
Logical Positivism: An Introduction
According to logical positivism, there are only two sources of knowledge: logical reasoning and empirical experience. The former is analytic a priori, while the latter is synthetic a posteriori; hence synthetic a priori does not exist. The fundamental thesis of modern empiricism consists in denying the possibility of synthetic a priori knowledge.
(Carnap, 1939; Neurath, 1944).
Philosophical objectivity is said to form the originality of the philosophy of Analysis, however though it is not a form of the Logical Positivism of the Vienna Circle or the modern American movement of Logical Empiricism. However, some philosophers, though in no way all Analysts hope that Analysis will make known a positivist view of the world. All of them, it is true, consider Positivism to be on precisely the same level as other and more conventional philosophical positions - like them, it is the result of a definite kind of radical confusion; the anti-metaphysics of Positivism must be abolished no less than metaphysics proper. Indeed, to have positivist longing is not to found Analysis upon positivist principles. Nevertheless, intimate if unavowed and even renounced connections remain between Logical Positivism and Linguistic Philosophy. (Charlesworth, p.5-6).
The study of the role and nature of language begins the movement. From the study of language and the analysis of syntax, structure, and form, it was concluded that there are two basic types of sentences only and none outside these types.
The first owed its definition to Wittgenstein. It was called a tautology. (Wittgenstein p. 99). Wittgenstein's book, Philosophical Investigations, was published after he died. He came to change his earlier opinions in this work about the nature of language.
Nevertheless, it was an Austrian, Ludwig Wittgenstein, whose inspiration and influence motivated a group of scholars known as the Vienna Circle, which was organized in the early l920s................
