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Essay on Diffusion vs. Indigenous Development
This paper compares and contrasts Diffusion vs. Indigenous Development, keeping in mind The Indus Valley and the Aryans and East Asian and the Chinese Philosophy.
The term diffusion refers to the growth via localization and agglomeration economies from a meditation of R&D movement. Relations among businesses or individuals are of primary importance. Policies based on this theory will more often than not target key industries or innovative individuals. Indigenous refers to development that is initiated and planned regionally, emphasizing on small- and medium-sized regionally owned enterprises. University of Utah's research park would be a good example of an indigenous developed park. Entrepreneurship/seedbed/creativity theory would more than likely be follow this development. Nature probably played the greatest role in deciding the fate of the Indus Valley Civilization.
There can be no doubt that course changes of the Hakra and Yamuna left factually hundreds of Harappan sites high and dry. Nor would most dispute that Mohenjo Daro and its environs were engulfed in an annual lake, forcing the Harappans residing there to live like the Venetians and eventually abandon their homes. Likewise, we know that tectonic uplift along the Makran coast landlocked several coastal sites and disrupted maritime trade. These are major, lasting events, not just isolated disasters without long distance and long term ramifications.
Under the initiative that all civilization came from the Middle East, it was assumed that Harappan culture derived its impetus from the Middle East, probably Sumeria. Recent French excavations have shown that all the antecedents of the Indus culture can found within the Indian subcontinent going back before 6500 BC as revealed by the Mehrgarh site near the Bolan Pass in Pakistan. Mehrgarh is the largest village/town culture of its period anywhere in the world and develops into the Indus culture by a series of stages, showing the evolution of agriculture and arts and crafts typical of Harappa. The beginning of an understanding of the complexities of Hinduism requires a historical context...................
