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Essay on Freud's Theory
Personality is the total of the characteristic ways of performing, thoughts, and feeling that make each person exceptional. A number of psychologists believe that personality can be described in terms of traits. Traits are comparatively enduring and dependable ways of behaving. There is now consensus that five traits are valuable in describing personality; these are neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. One significant theory of personality, psychoanalytic theory, was developed in the late nineteenth century by Sigmund Freud. Freud's theory distinguished three levels of conscious understanding and the conscious mind, the preconscious mind, and the unconscious mind.
According to Freud, the mind is composed of the following three parts: (1) the id, which operates on the pleasure principle and seeks to obtain immediate pleasure and to avoid pain; (2) the ego, which operates on the reality principle and seeks safe and realistic ways of satisfying the id; and (3) the superego, which opposes the id by imposing moral restrictions and striving for perfection. Freud suggested that when the ego cannot find ways to satisfy the id, it seeks a substitute. The development of substituting a more acceptable goal is called displacement; the displacement of a socially desirable goal is termed sublimation. An additional process that allows individuals to operate in society without friction is called identification; we tend to model our actions after individuals who are successful in gaining satisfactions from life.
Freud's theory furthermore distinguishes five stages in the improvement of personality: the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the latency stage, and the genital stage. According to Freud, events that take place as the individual passes through these stages can be critical in the formation of personality. According to Freud the human mind is like an iceberg. It is mostly hidden in the unconscious................
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