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Essay on Carl Jung's Theory
Carl Jung's quest for information about the human psyche led him to sources that many would regard as farfetched: the occult, studies of extrasensory perception, alchemy, the myth of flying saucers. The result is a theory of personality (called analytical psychology) that is even more controversial than Freud's, and is easy to dismiss as absurd and unscientific. Like Freud, Jung regarded unconscious processes as extremely important. Yet he placed considerably less emphasis on sexuality as a human motive and posited a more extensive list of instincts, including nutrition, power, creativity, and individuation (becoming one's true self, the forerunner of the modern concept of self-actualization).
Jung argued that we are influenced not only by prior causes, but also by our goals and plans for the future. He dispensed with the Freudian constructs of id, ego, and superego in favor of archetypes, the persona, the shadow, and others. He contended that there is a collective unconscious, a storehouse of predispositions to perceive the world in particular ways that is inherited from previous generations, as well as a personal unconscious. Jung introduced the well-known dimension of introversion-extraversion. And although he agreed that dream interpretation was an excellent way to bring unconscious material to consciousness, his principles and differed markedly from those of Freud. (Joseph F. Rychlak, 1968)
Carl Jung rejected Freud's structural model. He preferred to divide personality into three parts: consciousness, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. To Jung consciousness resembles a small island that rises from the midst of a vast sea. The conscious part of our personality includes two elements. The ego represents our subjective sense of identity but is much weaker than in Freudian theory, and does not begin to develop until the 4th year of life. The persona is the outward facade that we use to protect our inner feelings................
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