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Essay on Family stress
Family stress theory sets forward acute stressors (meaning sudden onset) which when accumulated could lead to family crises, including physical, emotional, or relational crises. Examples of such family crises resulting from family stressors are episodes of domestic violence, substance abuse (relapses), illness from weakened immune systems, divorce, accidents, children being abused, or neglected, etc. The research on stress suggests that significant factors about the stressors to keep in mind are:
- the changes in daily routines,
- the number of changes in daily routines,
- the length of time since there were changes in daily routines, (i.e. the family stressors)
However, their impact can be muted, or buffered with protective factors which help families to survive multiple contextual stressors, and to continue to competently parent despite chronic and acute stressors (Fiore, et all 1983)
Professor Reuben Hill's theory of family stress was formulated after the Great Depression (1947, 1959, 1983, University of Minnesota) based on extensive observations of families who survived contrasted with those whose families did not. Given the economic circumstances of families of today's high risk youth, his theory may have some currency for us. As Hill interviewed families who had lost their jobs and were existing in extreme poverty, he looked for factors which contributed to family survival of these circumstances. From these qualitative data, Hill theorized that there are two complex variables which act to buffer the family from acute stressors and reduce the direct correlation between multiple stressors and family crisis. These were formulated into what he called his ABCX theory of family stress.
The "B" variable refers to the complex of internal and external family resources and social support available to the family, i.e., the social connectedness within the family, as well as social connectedness outside the family. Hill theorized that social isolation would significantly increase the impact of the multiple stresses on the family functioning.....................
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