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Essay on Motivation Concept Analysis
The causal model based on Richard Lazarus's theory of stress and coping (Lazarus, 1991; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) was used to contrast female clerical workers with managerial women. Briefly, the theoretical framework that guided the selection of variables in the model consisted of
- antecedent coping resources,
- mediating influences (appraisal, coping, and contextual variables), and
- short term outcomes.
According to Lazarus and Folkman's model of stress, both situational appraisals of the stressor event and an individual's personal coping resources will influence the choice of coping strategies used in a particular situation. In turn, the pattern of coping responses will affect an individual's physiological and psychological well being. Moreover, Lazarus's cognitive-phenomenological perspective predicts that an individual's appraisal of the demands and nature of the situation, rather than an objective assessment of the event, will influence the type of coping used.
The main findings from the initial model testing were consistent with Lazarus's (1991) transactional theory of stress and coping. For example, stress Appraisals had a significant role in determining coping use, and Disengagement Coping was associated with greater Distress and Daily Hassles. The model also supported the influence of the personality disposition of agency on Engagement Coping. Agentic Traits were also implicated in several endogenous constructs (i.e., Work Environment, Daily Hassles, and Satisfaction). Furthermore, findings from the stability analyses indicated that virtually all constructs exhibited strong mean stability and that all multi-indicator constructs possessed stable factor loadings. The results provided evidence that Disengagement Coping, Appraisals, and Distress were influenced by some underlying, consistent trait not accounted for in the model. Finally, the model reliably represented the relationships among the measures taken at the three time periods with 1-month intervals and was replicated on data collected 1 year later.
Coping and Appraisal constructs were assessed with a revised version of the Ways of Coping Checklist (Folkman & Lazarus, 1984) that includes items specific to the work environment.......................
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