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Essay on Negative Effects Of Positive Reinforcement
Negative Effects Of Positive Reinforcement
In operant conditioning reinforcement is related to a change in an organisms surroundings .Positive reinforcement is considered to be the leading concept in behavioral aspects of the pscychology. The rewards and praises generally work to change behabior and create ease in learning. When the students performing low in the class rooms are encouraged through praises, a confidence is built. But many researchers believe that the praise has the negative effects on the development. Praise also lower self esteem and students read teachers eye for approval and disapproval [Rowe 1974]. Similarly in another paper claims that by praisng the negative efefcts occur on children.
These efefcts include increase of dependence by the children on others,children donot feel the sense of achievements and the pleasure and children can be manipulated [Alfie kohn]. On the other hand most of the pscychologists are of the opinion that positive reinforcement is much helpful in changing the behaviours. Positive reinfiorcement does no reduce the esteem of the learner but it strenthens a behavior but it acts as pleasant stimuls and also as reinforcer. If a dog is given food when it completes some thing to do than food becomes the reinforcer and behavior is reinforced .
Similarly when the dog is prasised and taping is done it encourages the dog for doing better. This also proves that the dependence is not linked with the rewards and praises. The learner does not look mfor the reward every time but once thechange occurs permanently the behavior is said to be well settled .
Annual appraisal system in the management is an exampple of the positive reinforcement that encourages the employee to produce better results in order to receive the rewarsd at the end of the year in form of inrease in salary. The rewards act as reinforcers. Praises and rewards are made for a good effort and the performance...................
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