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Essay on Psychoanalysis Vs Existentialism
Psychoanalysis
The name was coined by Sigmund Freud to a system of interpretation and therapeutic treatment of psychological disorders. Psychoanalysis began after Freud studied (1885-86) with the French neurologist J. M. Charcot in Paris and became convinced that hysteria was caused not by organic symptoms in the nervous system but by emotional disturbance. Later, in collaboration with Viennese physician Josef Breuer , Freud wrote two papers on hysteria (1893,1895) that were the precursors of his vast body of psychoanalytic theory.
Freud used his psychoanalytic method primarily to treat clients suffering from a variety of mild mental disorders classified until recently as neuroses. Freud was joined by an increasing number of students and physicians, among whom were C. G. Jung and Alfred Adler. Both made significant contributions, but by 1913 ceased to be identified with the main body of psychoanalysts because of theoretical disagreements with Freud's strong emphasis on sexual motivation. Other analysts, including Melanie Klein and Jacques Lacan, also have contributed greatly to the field. Psychoanalysis and its theoretical underpinnings have had an enormous influence on modern psychology and psychiatry and in fields as diverse as literary theory, anthropology, and film criticism.(Web,1)
The history of the major discoveries in psychoanalysis is largely interwoven with the life and professional career of a single man, Sigmund Freud.
Hysteria actually marks the beginning of psychoanalysis, although the term was not used by Freud until a year later (1896). Prior to this time, he spoke of “Breuer’s cathartic method,” and occasionally of “psychical analysis.” By 1896, Freud had made some notable changes in the original technique. For one thing, he had given up the use of hypnosis. He had found that some patients could not by hypnotized readily, and the results at other times had been disappointing. (Warner,1981)
Secondly, he had observed that, while hypnosis suspended the patient’s resistance to recalling painful feelings and memories, the gains were only temporary...................
