Autism is a developmental disability that affects a person's ability to communicate, understand language, play, and interact with others. Autism is a behavioral syndrome, which means that its definition is based on patterns of behaviors that a person exhibits. Autism is not an illness or a disease. It is not contagious and, as far as we know, it is not acquired through contact with the environment (Ferster, 1961). Autism is a neurological disability that is presumed to be present from birth and is always apparent before the age of three. Although autism affects the functioning of the brain, the specific cause of autism is unknown. In fact, it is widely assumed that there are most likely multiple causes, each of which may be manifested in different forms, or subtypes, of autism. Future research will help us understand the etiologies of autism (DeMyer, Hingtgen, Jackson, 1981).
Children with autism generally do not learn in the same way that children normally learn, because, in part, they lack the fundamental skills which enable them to acquire and process basic information. They appear to lack understanding of simple verbal and nonverbal communication, are often affected by sensory over-stimulation or under-stimulation, and seem withdrawn in varying degrees from people and the world around them (Ferster, DeMyer, 1961). They are often preoccupied with certain activities and/or objects, which further interfere with their ability to acquire skills and learn from information that is available to them. These difficulties result in significant delays in their development of language, play and social skills, including their failure to notice and learn through imitation of their peers (Cooper, Heron, Heward, 1989).
There are several methods of educating young children with autism. The most well-known strategies are "Applied Behavior Analysis" (also known as Discrete Trial Instruction) and TEACCH. Some school districts will offer just one strategy...........................
