The term diabetes is derived from the Greek word-meaning siphon, or the passing through of water, while mellitus is Latin for honeysweet. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormalities in insulin production, action or both, and its prevalence. Diabetes is believed to occur when the body produces inadequate amounts of insulin, yet frequently insulin levels are higher than normal in diabetics because the cells become resistant to insulin, the hormone that converts glucose into energy.
Diabetes is a condition caused due to lack of insulin activity, commonly this is the result of diminished production of insulin but sometimes there appears to be some interference with its function. The condition is a disease complex of mixed etiology and the manifestations are the result of biochemical abnormalities induced by an inability to control carbohydrate metabolism. Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. The cause of diabetes is a mystery, although both genetics and environmental factors such as obesity and lack of exercise appear to play roles. Diabetes is serious, but people with diabetes can live long, healthy, happy lives.
Types of Diabetes
Type-1 Diabetes known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus IDDM, in which the pancreas fails to produce the insulin, which is essential for survival. Diabetes type-1 appears suddenly, progresses quickly, and the patient nearly always requires insulin injections. This form develops most frequently in children and adolescents, but is being increasingly noted later in life. (Gretchen, 2001)
In type-2 diabetes, i.e. NIDDM (also called maturity-onset diabetes) the pancreas produces insufficient insulin, or the body has trouble delivering blood sugar (glucose) from the blood to the cells for fuel. It usually occurs in people over 30 years. Often ‘runs in the family’.
