Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Overview
The autism spectrum disorders are more common in the pediatric population than are some better-known disorders such as diabetes, spinal bifida, or Down syndrome. Prevalence studies have been done in several states and also in the United Kingdom, Europe, and Asia. Prevalence estimates range from 2 to 6 per 1,000 children. This wide range of prevalence points out to a need for earlier and more precise screening for the symptoms of ASD. The earlier the disorder is diagnosed, the sooner the child can be helped through treatment interventions. Pediatricians, family physicians, daycare providers, teachers, and parents may at first dismiss signs of ASD, hopefully thinking the child is just a little slow and will "catch up." However early intervention has a remarkable impact on reducing symptoms and increasing a child's ability to grow and learn new skills, it is estimated that only 50 percent of children are diagnosed before kindergarten.
All children with ASD show deficiency in 1) social interaction, 2) verbal and nonverbal communication, and 3) repetitive behaviors or interests. Besides, they will often have abnormal responses to sensory experiences, such as particular sounds or the way objects look. Each of these symptoms runs the range from mild to severe. They will present in each individual child in a different way. For example, a child may have little trouble learning to read nevertheless show extremely poor social interaction. Each child will display communication, social, and behavioral patterns that are individual but fit into the general diagnosis of ASD.
Children with ASD do not follow the usual patterns of child development. In some children, signs of future problems may be noticeable from birth. In most cases, the problems in communication and social skills become more evident as the child lags further behind other children the same age.......
