Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a group of autoimmune syndromes consisting of demyelinating and acute axonal degenerating forms of the disease. Nerve conduction study helps differentiate the heterogeneous subtypes of GBS. Patients exhibit a progressive paralysis that reaches a plateau phase. In most patients, resolution is complete or near complete. Mortality from GBS most often is associated with dysautonomia and mechanical ventilation. GBS usually is associated with an antecedent infection by one of several known pathogens. Cross-reactivity between the pathogen and the nerve tissue sets up the autoimmune response. Treatment consists of supportive care, ventilatory management (in about one third of patients), and specific therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis. (Lasky T, Terracciano GJ, Magder L, Koski CL, 1998)
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an eponym for a heterogeneous group of immune-mediated peripheral neuropathies. A feature common in all GBS variants is a rapidly evolving polyradiculoneuropathy preceded by a triggering event, most often an infection. GBS generally manifests as a symmetric motor paralysis with or without sensory and autonomic disturbances.( Lasky T, Terracciano GJ, Magder L, Koski CL, 1998)
Population-based surveys attempting to document the annual incidence of GBS have been conducted in various countries worldwide and generally are in agreement on a rate of 1 to 3 per 100,000 persons annually. GBS occurs in all age groups, although rarely in infants, and the incidence varies. From birth to 30 years, the annual incidence is fairly uniform at 1.3 to 1.9 per 100,000. Peaks are noted in late adolescence and young adulthood, as well as in the elderly. The first peak likely correlates with increased risk of cytomegalovirus and Campylobacter jejuni infection. The reason for the peak in the elderly is unknown but is postulated to be caused by failing immune suppressor mechanisms. Another variation in incidence is found in pregnant and postpartum women..................
