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Essay on The Renal System and Homeostasis
The renal system regulates and maintains homeostasis of electrolytes in the body by filtration, secretion, absorption, and excretion. Everyday 180L of plasma filters through the glomerulus’s capillaries into the Bowman’s capsules. This filtration is driven by the hydrostatic pressure of the blood, the colloid osmotic pressure inside the glomerular capillaries, and the hydrostatic pressure of the Bowman’s capsule creating a net pressure favouring mass movement of the plasma into the capsule. The amount of blood flowing through the glomerular capillaries is the main control point for the rate of filtration.
The function of the Kidney and Homeostatis:
- The main function of the kidney is in homeostasis, by regulating the composition of the extracellular fluid. This is achieved by selectively adjusting the composition of the plasma that flows through the renal vasculature. Important materials are conserved and waste products excreted in the urine. Urine is formed by ultrafiltration, reabsorbtion and secretion. The kidney also produces hormones, angiotensin II and prostoglandins, kinins and erytropoitin.
- The kidney removes from the blood many organic wastes, ammonia, urea, and other metabolic byproducts that may otherwise be harmful to the body.
- There is a stable balance of sodium and water in the body. The major homeostatic control point for maintaining this stable balance is renal excretion. Sodium ions are controlled in a homeostatic process involving aldosterone which increases sodium ion absorption in the distal convoluted tubules.
- The kidneys maintain acid-base homeostasis by regulating the pH of the blood plasma. Gains and losses of acid and base must be balanced.
Any substance that can reversibly bind hydrogen ions is called a buffer. Hydrogen ions are buffered by extracellular (e.g., bicarbonate) and intracellular buffers (including proteins and phosphate (Jean Hamburger, 1971).....................
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