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Essay on Human Papilloma Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines
The human papilloma virus, or HPV, refers to a group of viruses which cause warts on the skin and the genital area. The types of HPV that reason genital warts (recognized as condylomata acuminata) are stretch by sexual activity. Sexually transmitted HPV is an imperative fundamental issue in cervical and anal cancers. People with injured immune systems are at increased risk of HPV-related cancers. HPV causes warts on the skin and mucous membranes. Nearly people remember having had warts at different times in their lives. These often disappear after a few weeks or months, for the reason that the immune system can fight them off. Some types of HPV can be spread sexually, causing genital warts in women at the cervix (the 'neck' of the womb at the top of the vagina) and vulva, on the penis in men and around and inside the anus in both sexes. If genital warts are successfully treated the HPV becomes inactive, but remains in the body. HPV is a very common infection, with prevalence rates of 30 to 40% in young adults: in 2004, there were around 80,000 cases in the United Kingdom, representing an increase of 4% on the previous year. Infection with some strains of HPV may guide to the development of genital cancers through reactivation of the virus. HPV has also been linked to some mouth and throat cancers. In HIV-positive people, HPV is more likely to become reactivated. Skin cells infected with HPV may be to some extent changed by the virus, leading to cancer. Strains 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 are more strongly associated with the development of genital cancers, so it should not be assumed that a history of genital warts inevitably predicts the development of genital cancers in immunosuppressed people.
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