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Essay on Yellow Star Thistle
Yellow star thistle comes in the family of sunflower or daisy family, Asteraceae. As its name signifies, a yellow thistle-like flower typifies it with three by eight to three by four inch yellowish spines in star-like arrangement at the base of the flower head. The flower heads arise singly at the ends of branched stems eighteen to thirty-six inches high, which occur from a basal rosette of leaves. The stem and leaves are a dull green color and enclosed with fine woolly hairs. The basal rosette leaves are pinnately lobed with the distal part more rounded and bigger. As leaves raise the stem they turn out to be shorter and narrower with sharp tips. Their arrangement is alternate and the leaf bases extended down the stem creating a winged effect. The yellow starthistle flower heads comprise tubular yellow florets in a discoid head about 1 inch in diameter. The marginal flowers produce nonplumed seeds as well as the central flowers plumed seeds. The root is a taproot extending deeper than the annuals it could compete with for dampness and nutrients.
Yellow starthistle is considered to have originated along the Mediterranean Coast and has spread all through Europe to the extent that the Asian steppes. Yellow starthistle was first reported growing on counterweight grounds near western seaports. Early California records point out C. solstitialis at Oakland in 1869 and Vacaville in 1887. In 1965, the California Department of Food and Agriculture predicted 1.9 million acres were infested.
During 1920's it was extensively spread in Eastern Washington. It has spread as far north as Stevens County. (Sheley, Roger L. and Larry L. Larson. 1994. Comparative growth and interface of cheatgrass and yellow starthistle seedlings).
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