Criminology, according to Edwin H. Sutherland is the body of knowledge which regards crime as a social phenomenon. It includes the processes of making laws, breaking laws, and the reacting toward the breaking of laws.
Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminals, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. In the United States, it is taught chiefly in departments of criminology and criminal justice of colleges and universities. Criminologists study factors related to crime. Research in criminology involves fields such as sociology, psychology, and psychiatry. Law enforcement greatly depends on criminology. Often, the best method of treating offenders and ways to prevent crime are determined by criminologists. There are different things to study in criminology (Pfuhl, 1980).
Most criminological research examines environmental conditions. Others concentrate on the connection between crime and biological factors such as brain structure and chemical imbalances. And others emphasize people s emotions and motives. Some study the ways which individuals learn criminal behavior through association with people. Criminologists also study penology, which is the science of punishment and treatment of offenders. They try to make punishment more certain than ever, bringing people to trial quickly, imposing fair sentences, and providing adequate prisons. Criminologists use a wide variety of research techniques. Statistics are often used to study the crime rate and the characteristics of criminals.
Criminologists find relationships between crime rates and certain physical or social conditions. For example, such studies may show that the crime rate increases when poverty and unemployment rise. Criminologists generally use statistics compiled by government agencies. Criminology is extremely important in determine numerous factors in trials. It played many important roles in the recent OJ Simpson murder trial. Criminologists also use statistics to learn about personality traits or social conditions that are more common among criminals than other people. Researchers usually....
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