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Essay on Capital Punishment - 4
In major metropolitan areas, it is now customary for the late evening news to begin with a review of the day's murders. This serves as a factual counterpart to the innumerable fictional murders of primetime entertainment. Crime and the ineffectiveness of our society's response to it have been an important theme in many recent elections. The liberal climate that once led many people to expect that the ten-year moratorium on executions that obtained in the U. S. from 1967 to 1977 might lead to abolition, either by a definitive Supreme Court decision holding that the death penalty was unconstitutional or by public forbearance, now seems irretrievably remote. While the U. S. Catholic Conference's administrative board in its election-year statement on political responsibility reaffirmed its continuing opposition to the death penalty, all three major candidates in the recent election made clear their support for the death penalty. It is only in an atypical jurisdiction such as the District of Columbia that the death penalty fails to find widespread public support. In a November 1992 referendum mandated by Congress, the citizens of the District refused to authorize the imposition of the death penalty. But such victories for opponents of capital punishment are rare. (James Avery Joyce, 1961, pp 12)
We should notice, however, that the debate over capital punishment is not confined to very violent societies such as the U. S. and South Africa. It has surfaced recently in the Philippines where President Fidel Ramos has made the reinstatement of capital punishment part of his anti-crime program. This requires a change in the 1986 Constitution, which abolished the death penalty, a change that was opposed by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines in a statement issued on 24 July 1992. This statement, which strongly reflects the influence of the 1980 statement........
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