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Essay on Organizational Theorists
Frederick Taylor
By far the most influential person of the time and someone, who has had an impact on management service practice as well as on management thought up to the present day, was F. W. Taylor. Taylor formalized the principles of scientific management, and the fact-finding approach put forward and largely adopted was a replacement for what had been the old rule of thumb. He also developed a theory of organizations which altered the personalized autocracy which had only been tempered by varying degrees of benevolence, such as in the Quaker family businesses of Cadbury's and Clark's. Scientific method, he advocated, could be applied to all problems and applied just as much to managers as workers. The four objectives of management under scientific management were as follows:
- The development of a science for each element of a man's work to replace the old rule-of-thumb methods,
- The scientific selection, training and development of workers instead of allowing them to choose their own tasks and train themselves as best they could,
- The development of a spirit of hearty cooperation between workers and management to ensure that work would be carried out in accordance with scientifically devised procedures,
- The division of work between workers and the management in almost equal shares, each group taking over the work for which it is best fitted instead of the former condition in which responsibility largely rested with the workers. Self-evident in this philosophy are organizations arranged in a hierarchy, systems of abstract rules and impersonal relationships between staff.
Taylor's impact has been so great because he developed a concept of work design, work-measurement, production control and other functions, that completely changed the nature of industry. Before scientific management, such departments as work-study, personnel, maintenance and quality control did not exist.......
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