Introduction
The Industrial Revolution was the major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century resulting from the replacement of an economy based on manual labor to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture. It began in England with the introduction of steam power (fueled primarily by coal) and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing). The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the nineteenth century enabled the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries.
The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America, eventually affecting the rest of the world. The impact of this change on society was enormous and is often compared to the Neolithic revolution, when mankind developed agriculture and gave up its nomadic lifestyle.
Effects of Industrial Revolution on religion
Industrial revolution was termed as the modern age when everything started to change and the machine age started to rise. In a very schematic fashion we can therefore periodize modernity. It begins with this axial moment of the fifteenth-sixteenth centuries, which is not only the beginning of what historians call "the modern age," but also that of modern science, and of the birth of capitalism and the bourgeoisie. But modernity only becomes a major phenomenon at the end of this period with the Enlightenment, the English and, especially, the American and French Revolutions, the birth of scientific method and thought, and the birth of industry (second axial moment).
The third axial moment should include the development and triumph of industrial society and of capitalism (nineteenth-mid-twentieth centuries), first in England, and then throughout Europe and North America, the development of socialism, the building of the nation-state, the spread of nationalism and colonialism to its breaking point with the two world wars, and finally, decolonization, globalization.........
