The separation of powers is a rather late addition to a body of organizational prescriptions articulated over the centuries by Western political writers as necessary to achieve or protect certain important values. The entire intellectual tradition, usually referred to as constitutionalism, is a broad one concerned not only with prescribing governmental arrangements but also with revealing the social, cultural, and economic prerequisites for their success. Although constitutionalists do seem to have been more concerned with protecting people against government than with the success of government in attaining societal goals, governmental efficiency has not been wholly neglected. In this article we will discuss the SOP in the constitutional and political parties. The greatest work of American constitutionalism, were certainly equally concerned with achieving a government both safe and efficient. The constitutionalist goal was that happy mean, which combines the energy of government with the security of private rights. The necessity of combining the requisite stability and energy in Government, with the inviolable attention due to liberty, and to the Republican form.
Positively, the goal of constitutionalism has historically been referred to as "liberty," "the public interest," "the common good," or "the rule of law." All these words refer to various aspects of a single objective. Government should be constituted so as to maximize the protection of members of society from one another and from other civil societies while minimizing opportunities for government itself to harm its citizens. Men should be free to live as they like as long as they do not act immorally or hurt others; their persons and property should be interfered with only when known legal rules require interference to protect a common interest in which they share. This was a time when the role of government was mostly confined to that of night watchman, but it is......
