Abstract
Traditional methods of policing rely heavily on deterrence through a visible presence of the police on patrol. However, many social changes have occurred over the decades and traditional policing methods may not be as effective in addressing the needs of the communities. Communities have become more diverse and the problems have changed as drugs and violent crimes have become more prevalent in urban communities. Additionally, the budget deficits of the early 1990s prompted law enforcement administrators to seek out more creative solutions for providing law enforcement services to the community.
Many theories of criminal behavior focus on social factors as the cause of crime. The "broken windows theory" of crime, which described urban deterioration as fostering an environment conducive to criminal behavior, provided a basis for the adoption of Community Oriented Policing (COP) programs.
Community policing broadens the nature and number of police functions compared with traditional policing. It emphasizes organizational change, active problem solving, and external partnerships to address issues that concern both the police and citizens. Community policing shifts the focus of policing by placing equal emphasis on crime control, order maintenance, and service. It asks police to work with citizens and with other government agencies in efforts to increase overall quality of life.
Chapter-1: Introduction
A discussion concerning the definition of community policing can include vastly different connotations, depending upon the views held by those involved. Street-level officers might conjure up a scenario that requires the transfer of officers from traditional enforcement duties to an assignment that requires little "police action" but, instead, concentrates on helping citizens confront "order maintenance" issues.
Community groups may envision a police force that responds exclusively to the demands voiced by them. Researchers usually define the model by their particular orientation. Politicians typically support the concept, but often remain unsure of.....
